Kesoram Industries Limited (KIL) was formally created and deployed as a legal entity in 18th October of the year 1919 in the name and style of Kesoram Cotton Mills Ltd as a part of B.K. Birla group at Calcutta. The Company is a well - diversified entity in the fields of Cement, Tyre, Rayon Yarn, Transparent Paper, Spun Pipes and Heavy Chemicals with two-core strategic verticals i.e. Cement and Tyres.

The First Plant of the company for manufacturing of rayon yarn was created and deployed at Tribeni, District Hooghly, West Bengal and the same was commissioned in December of the year 1959 and the plant for manufacturing of transparent paper was also created and deployed at the same location at Tribeni, District Hooghly, West Bengal, in June of the year 1961. It has the annual capacity to manufacture 3,600 metric tons per annum (mtpa) of transparent paper. The name of the Company was changed to Kesoram Industries & Cotton Mills Ltd in 30th August of the year 1961. The second plant was commissioned in the year 1962 enabling it to manufacture 4,635 metric tons per annum (mtpa) of rayon yarn. KIL diversified into manufacturing of cast iron spun pipes & pipe fittings at Bansberia, District Hooghly, West Bengal, with a production capacity of 45,000 metric tons per annum (mtpa) of cast iron spun pipes and pipe fittings in December of the year 1964. Subsequently, the company diversified into the manufacturing of Cement and in 1969 created and deployed its first cement plant under the name 'Kesoram Cement' at Basantnagar, Dist. Karimnagar (Andhra Pradesh) and to take advantage of favourable market conditions, in 1986 another cement plant, widely referred to as 'Vasavadatta Cement', was commissioned by it at Sedam, Dist. Gulbarga (Karnataka). Again the name of the company was changed to Kesoram Industries Limited in 9th July of the year 1986.

The shaft kiln for calcinations of the company was commissioned in the year 1987 and the balancing equipments were installed. In the year 1990, a technical collaboration agreement was signed with M/s. Pirelli Ltd. of U.K and KIL had commissioned a plant at Balasore widely referred to as Birla Tyres in Orissa, for manufacturing of 10,00,000 mtpa automotive tyres and tubes in the first phase during March of the year 1992, in collaboration with same Pirelli Ltd., U.K., a subsidiary company of the world famous Pirelli Group of Italy. In the same year 1992, the company undertook a programme of gradual conversion of its existing conventional spinning machines to lube spinning, superior production process etc. to improve productivity and quality. It has small manufacturing capacities of various Chemicals at Kharda in the State of West Bengal also. The Textile Unit of the company had received ISO 9002 Certificate from D.N.V. Netherlands in the year 1996. During the year 1999, the manufacturing units of the company, which include cement, tyre, rayon, spun and pipe, had received the ISO 9002 certification. As part of the restructuring exercise the company had merged Bharat General & Textiles Ltd (BG&TL), a 100% subsidiary of the company and an unlisted Hindustan Heavy Chemicals Ltd and Birla Century Finance Ltd (BCFL), a listed company. The Kolkata High Court had approved the merger plan in September of the year 2001. FITCH gives 'Ind D1+' rating for Rs.40cr commercial paper programme of the company in the year 2002. All the assets and liabilities of KICM Investment Ltd, a wholly subsidiary was transferred under amalgamation with company from 1st April of the year 2003.

KIL had broadened its footprint operations into into an agreement in 3rd April of the year 2004 to hive off the refractory Division of the company on a hire purchase basis. During September of the year 2004, KIL had executed a strategic acquisition of 950007 Shares (unlisted) of Assam Cotton Mills Ltd in an Off Market deal and consequently ACML has become 100% subsidiary of the company. Assam Cotton Mills, a wholly owned subsidiary KIL was amalgamated with the company with effect from 1st April of the year 2005. During the year 2006-2007, the company made expansion in cement division, the clinker capacity by 1.25 MTPA and cement capacity by 1.65 MTPA, which was termed as Unit III and successfully commissioned. The commercial production of the same was started from 1st March of the year 2007. KIL had started the commercial generation of power in the captive thermal power plant in April of the year 2007 at the Unit-III in Vasavadatta cement, section of the company at Sedam in the state of Karnataka. Kesoram Industries divided into two entities to Manjushree Khaitan and to Kumar Mangalam Birla in accordance with the succession plan for the company. KIL had received FAPCCI Award for Excellence in Industrial Productivity- 2007 and also the Best Management Award 2007 from the Government of Andhra Pradesh. The Company commenced its commercial production for the first phase of its new 257 metric tons per day Greenfield project of truck tyres at Laskar, Haridwar in Uttarakhand from 28th May of the year 2008.

KIL planed to invest Rs 8.40 billion for expanding its operation at its Uttarakhand tyre complex during May of the year 2008 and also the company planned a power plant of 175 MW at an estimated cost of Rs 5,000 million.